Before: Elections.

Notes from the future about the technologies of the emerging civilization.
Legislative, executive and judicial power are the three pillars and the defining foundation of a state system. This has been the case for thousands of years.

Society is inherently a human structure, and as such it is always gravitating towards the leader. A leader who knows what and how to do, who is ready to take responsibility for complex, difficult decisions, and can fulfil his obligations. People are ready to trust a leader who is able not only to lead in times of crisis and instability, appealing to the duty of the future generations. A leader who is ready to start a sequence of changes to determine fundamental revision and upgrade of the vertical power structure. A structure designed for a new stage of society’s development, even if such changes will bring into question the need of fulfilling his own public duties. Impartial, experienced and wise, ready to serve—a leader capable of leading his country to the threshold of a new world.

By the end of the 21st century, humanity came to understanding the need for global reforms of the state system: otherwise, without introducing changes it would have been impossible to further develop society. At the beginning of the last century, the first signs of degradation of the world order model that had dominated the planet for more than a century became obvious. These signals were not noticed by the majority of political elites, and those who understood the potential of arising changes, deliberately ignored them and, moreover, made active efforts to conceal the first symptoms of the serious illness coming. In fact, the clan or block model, which implied states united into groups guarding only each other’s interests, ceased to be effective. The European Union, the United States of America, the Union of South American States, the Eurasian Union, the key members of which were Russia, China and India, and many other, created poles of power—political, military and economic. The world was multipolar, on the one hand, providing a competitive space that positively determined vectors of development in any sphere of human activity, but, on the other, endless struggle was taking up too many resources.
Scientific potential, like any other creative asset, is strong and grows stronger when an environment is created for the community of scientists, implying no restrictions and barriers for exchange of ideas, with the possibility of a specialist’s participation in a particular project dependent only on the knowledge and intelligence, but not on speculative considerations of the current key of communication between politicians at the state-to-state level.

When politicians, and government on the whole, are misled and lose themselves in the realities of the world, going to extremes in their cognitive distortion, when civil servants begin to perceive the illusions they have created themselves about their purpose as defining development vector of the society, forgetting about their real function of service, there appears an irresistible potential for change. Body ulcers have boundary outcome scenarios—they will burst from the inside due to the excessive pressure created by the environment, they can be removed in a timely manner by qualified personnel or, spreading more and more actively, the destructive process will go irreversibly.

Each decade rapidly flying away, there was less and less doubt left about the need for changes. Understanding the very right plan for big changes was made even more complicated by the ecological and demographic crises. Every one of them increasingly accelerated the centrifugal force of each other, ready to spin away off its own axis and smash everything around, putting the final point in the long-running dispute of a human, always supposed to be in the centre of everything, against the audience unwittingly gathered on the main and the only scene. The population of the planet was getting younger and grew older, peaked up, creating new extremes, and was falling into the demographic abyss in such a fragmented way—from the insane bursts in Africa and the young Antarctica, which had been increasingly gaining strength, to the finally surrendered Europe and North America. The abyss was so fragmented that the agenda of any political elites’ discussion was reduced primarily to working out effective proposals aiming at finding a fundamental resolution of this situation of deep crisis.
The demographic gap and the environmental imbalance, which had become catastrophic, were not the only triggers of a major changes plan.

In 2075, there lived over 13 billion people on the Earth, and their vital activity required more and more resources every day. These challenges had ceased to be hypothetical—somewhere, once upon a time, our future generations… No, it was literally happening there and at the time. Overpopulation, air pollution, a sharp decline in animal species, rising temperatures, rising ocean levels, a shortage of clean fresh water, food supply disruptions in some regions of the world…—they were existential challenges.

Large financial and technological resources were still concentrated in the Old and New Worlds, as Europe and North America were once called. But the scientific potential was already making its way along the new path of development, like a vine reaching for the light, despite obstacles and obstructions. China, India and Russia—the union of the three states led the development of breakthrough technologies, aiming at radical redefining of the world order. Quantum computing systems, ultra-high-speed communication lines and research in the field of medicine were in the focus of the best scientific forces of the leading countries of the Eurasian Union. Within 25 years, the budget for development in priority areas had reached 1 trillion yuan. Colossal resources were allocated for good reason, and by a predetermined time, in 2099, teams of scientists presented a working prototype of artificial intelligence based on a quantum computer, which surpassed humans in its computing potential in a number of applications. The point of no return, successfully passed by humanity, defined the entire further course of its history.

This AI was given the name PAX, emphasizing the global and all-encompassing significance of the new technology—the technology of solving problems and overcoming the challenges that the contemporary world faced and struggled with at the time. Thermonuclear installations of the ITER type; ultra high-speed communication system; achievements in the field of medicine, longevity in the first place; development of superconducting magnets of a new generation which formed the basis for launching a high-speed mainline transport system on the planet; air transportation at hypersonic speeds; international lunar base; the first settlers on Mars…—the list of innovations that had changed the world beyond recognition could have been continued if not indefinitely, then at least for a lengthy time.
An AI—an intelligence, though still artificial. The computer was controlled, programmed, as before, by the human. The human set a task on which a computer mind of almost limitless possibilities had to work. The active cooperation of people and machines was not limited to scientific and innovative areas only. It was obvious to society that in order to maintain a new standard of living, and to take the next step over, a new foundation was also required—a political and organizational structure, an updated principle of state system. The new high-tech infrastructure did not correlate in any way with the operating system of life and the structure of society, which everyone continued to follow. That old operating system, was screaming with the need for an unambiguous upgrade. The PAX had developed relevant offers.

The United Federation of Nations (UFN) was a large common house built on the foundations and basic principles of the United Nations. Globally significant decisions for the whole planet had to be made at the level of the UFN. The executive power state machine in each country was reduced to a minimum, and somewhere, in countries with a population of up to 1 million—there were more than 100 of them—it was completely abolished. Legislative activity was redirected to PAX. The function of finalizing and approving the legislative framework was the UFN prerogative. AI was involved in the development of overall standards, as well as laws meeting the interests of particular peoples and their unique needs, which reflected ways of life and certain territorial life conditions dating centuries back. It was only due to PAX that various models of a new legislation future impact on a particular region were developed, by way of analysing a huge array of data and requirements, predicting their effect and bringing draft laws to perfection.
This was another unique advantage of the cluster quantum computing system—the impartial study and analysis of huge databases, terms and requirements for the formation of an ultimately verified legislative framework in the interests of citizens of the Federation.
The judicial system had also been fundamentally updated. Collaborative, joint cooperation of an individual and PAX within relevant functionality allowed to significantly reduce the administrative staff of the judiciary, reduced the probability of judicial errors to minimum. Of crucial importance was successful contribution of the new system to fulfilling the mission of the penitentiary system—the number of crimes committed, both economic and criminal, was significantly reduced. To avoid punishment had become difficult, if at all possible.

Citizens of the United Federation of Nations supported the new political structure—the approval rating of the government activities reached beyond 80%.
Peace had set on the planet! After tens of thousands of years of wars and fight for survival, civilization, having overcome the crisis of regeneration, was finally ready for new worthy achievements, relying on the intelligence of PAX which was always ready to protect from mistakes.

The system of delegates election to various levels of government representative bodies had been also deeply revised. Region—city—district—republic (in cases where the size of the territory implied appropriate need)—country—United Federation of Nations. At each of the five levels, those citizens of the Federation who were directly related to it, to the particular level, became the electors. Thus, citizens living in a certain area, for example, in a large megapolis, chose their representative to the district administration, which was accountable to the electors of such a district. Further, representatives of the district administration chose the head of the city administration, which was in its turn subordinate to them. And so on, up to the Secretary General of the UFN, whose elections were held every two years during the General Assembly. No one else used the word power anymore to describe the functions and work of the administration responsible for the implementation of programs to improve the welfare and well-being of the citizens of the Federation. Everyone did their job responsibly.

If a situation developed in a way that a citizen or a group of citizens considered an administrator as improperly performing his work, and the assessment of his activities to be unsatisfactory, in such a case anyone could initiate appropriate proceedings with PAX. The system, in turn, conducted a study of all the facts related to the circumstances stated by the citizen and made a decision on the expediency of passing a vote of no confidence to the employee. The final decision on the issue of dismissal of the employee was made by citizens, unless, of course, the administrator violated any legislative norms. If an offence was noted, such an administrator was automatically removed from his position and could never apply for any elective office or work for state authorities.

Such conflict situations were extremely rare, since PAX was pre-evaluating in detail all possible candidates for compliance with the entire set of requirements for work in civil service. And to mislead PAX was, to say the least, not an easy task at all.

The election procedure itself was no more complicated than ordering a sandwich in the Food app on the communicator. The digital passport or otherwise Tracker was responsible for the unique authorization and identification of a citizen. Some people tried to fraud its operation, but, it should be noted, such efforts were not crowned with anything good for them.

The whole administrative system was working in a simple and straightforward way, as two times two makes four.